Habitable Zones Around Main Sequence Stars (Icarus, 1993)
VPL Authors
Full Citation:
Kasting, J. F., Whitmire, D. P., & Reynolds, R. T. (1993). Habitable Zones around Main Sequence Stars. Icarus, 101(1), 108–128. https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1993.1010
Abstract:
A one-dimensional climate model is used to estimate the width of the habitable zone (HZ) around our Sun and around other main sequence stars. Our basic premise is that we are dealing with Earth-like planets with CO2/H2O/N2 atmospheres and that habitability requires the presence of liquid water on the planet's surface. The inner edge of the HZ is determined in our model by loss of water via photolysis and hydrogen escape. The outer edge of the HZ is determined by the formation of CO2 clouds, which cool a planet's surface by increasing its albedo and by lowering the convective lapse rate. Conservative estimates for these distances in our own Solar System are 0.95 and 1.37 AU, respectively; the actual width of the present HZ could be much greater. Between these two limits, climate stability is ensured by a feedback mechanism in which atmospheric CO2 concentrations vary inversely with planetary surface temperature. The width of the HZ is slightly greater for planets that are larger than Earth and for planets which have higher N2 partial pressures. The HZ evolves outward in time because the Sun increases in luminosity as it ages. A conservative estimate for the width of the 4.6-Gyr continuously habitable zone (CHZ) is 0.95 to 1.15 AU.
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103583710109
VPL Research Tasks:
Task C: The Habitable Planet